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S&P 500 Index
Education

S&P 500 Monthly Volatility Analysis From 1893 to July 2025

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Most of the time, the S&P 500 is seen as a low-volatility index when compared to most individual stocks, small-cap indexes, or indexes from other countries.

However, most investors don't know exactly what volatility to expect from a statistical perspective.

The Risk Distribution Histogram allows us to understand exactly how risk is distributed.

S&P 500 Statistical Risk Distribution

Here are some highlights from what we get from the analysis. Some of this data might actually surprise investors. The data is monthly:
  • 27% of all months have volatility under 0.68%
  • 80% of all months' volatility was under 4.79%
  • 5% of all months had a volatility of over 7%
  • If we can call a volatility over 25% a severe crash or "grey" swan, we had 7 of those events
  • 3 months with extreme volatility over 30%


This allows us to understand tail risk and plan ahead. While most times the S&P 500 is in the low volatility zone, extreme events can happen.

What can we learn from this?
  • Prepare for rare but possible high-volatility events.
  • Understand the 80/20 rule. Most months are very low volatility, but 20% of them will have a volatility higher than 5% approximately.
  • Avoid overconfidence in stability
  • Plan for long-term horizons. High volatility tends to "dissipate" in the long term.


This is why it's important not to discard rare high-volatility events, especially when the investor is in need of liquidity.

This risk analysis can be done for any ticker.

Disclaimer

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