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The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is not the kind of agency most Americans think about often.

In fact, there’s a decent chance you’ve never even heard of it outside of a few advanced social studies classes in high school or college.

The NRC was originally established back in 1975 as a successor to the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Then, just a few years later, in 1979, there was a partial meltdown in the Unit 2 reactor at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station.

That disaster was mercifully averted, but the event left a lasting impact on the still-developing agency…

Following Three Mile Island, the NRC was widely perceived as risk-averse. They developed a licensing process that could be counted among the most bureaucratic and byzantine in history.

Just securing the NRC’s approval for a new nuclear reactor could take years (in some cases over a decade) and cost hundreds of millions of dollars. And that’s before you even start breaking ground!

Bringing Georgia’s 3 and 4 reactor units at Plant Vogtle online was estimated to cost $14 billion at first. However, due to various delays in the approval process and subsequent contracting issues, costs ballooned to more than $30 billion, with a wait of 15 years.

Sounds like a nightmare, right?

Don’t worry — it gets worse!

So far, we’ve only been talking about large light-water reactors (LWRs). Perish the thought, but those are the kinds of reactors the NRC is actually optimized to work with.

Newer technologies, such as small modular reactors (SMRs) or molten salt reactors (MSRs), are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. And it just so happens that the NRC has neither the manpower nor the realistic expertise to evaluate these developments comprehensively.

That means even for the companies that can develop next-generation nuclear technology, they’re going to face a huge production bottleneck when it comes to the NRC approving the projects.

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